Аннотации:
Industrialization, a major force in structural change, shifts resources from labour-intensive activities to more capital technology-intensive activities. It will remain crucial to the future growth of developing countries. Manufacturing’s share of GDP has remained stable over the last 40 years. Technology and capital equipment are the main drivers of both manufacturing growth and aggregate growth in developed and developing countries, although in developing countries energy and natural resources use affects growth in the medium- and low-tech industries (Unido, 2018). Currently, the industrial value creation is shaped by the development towards the fourth stage of industrialization, so-called Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0, referred to as the “Fourth Industrial Revolution”, also known as “smart manufacturing”, “industrial internet” or “integrated industry”, is currently a much discussed topic.
