Abstrakt:
Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are popular in different research fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties and
superior antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, larvicidal, and catalytic potentials. Although conventional wet methods like
colloidal synthesis, calcination, and spark ablation for synthesizing MNPs are effective, their synthesis uses an array of
reducing and stabilizing agents and gases, making the process tedious. Additionally, metal nanoparticles induce oxidative stress
through reactive oxygen species (ROS), showing high toxicity. Research and development in green chemistry have gained
momentum and massive attention because of being efficient, clean, economical, environment-friendly, and free of hazardous
byproducts. Recently, seed extracts in-lieu of chemical stabilizers and reducing agents have become popular because of the
single-step green synthesis of MNPs. Seeds provide the researchers with a cost-effective alternate to other biological methods
due to low maintenance costs, culture/growth independence for biomass, and diversity of phytochemicals as reducing and
capping agents. Thus, effective green synthesis approaches are considered sustainable for MNP synthesis. This review depicts
the literature on the challenges associated with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and discusses their synthesis using seed
extracts. The application section of the review discusses the antimicrobial, anticancer, and larvicidal activities of seed extractedsynthesized
metallic nanoparticles. Furthermore, insights into the different biological potentials of the synthesized green MNPs
have also been discussed.
