Function of Jasper and Flint Microliths at the Malý Faraon Mesolithic Rock Shelter. An Experimental Approach

Abstract

From hunting implements to more versatile tools, the function of Mesolithic microliths have been questioned for a long time. Extensive experiments have contributed to a more nuanced understanding of fractures and other microscopic traces that are diagnostic of impacts on flint tools. In the northern Bohemian Mesolithic, raw materials are diverse with jasper representing an important source at some sites. In this study, we tested whether fractures on jasper backed points and triangular microliths used as projectiles exhibit similar wear to those made of erratic flint. To address this, we applied our observations to the Mesolithic assemblage of microliths from the Malý Faraon rock shelter, Czech Republic. The results of the archery experiment revealed that fractures on jasper microliths are comparable to the flint ones. Possible differences were observed between the various hafting modes. Microliths hafted as straight points displayed mainly parallel fractures, while barbs and oblique points displayed fractures on the sharp edges more often than other hafting modes, and the transversely hafted pieces showed a variety of traces. The use-wear analysis of the archaeological microliths revealed that most microliths were used as projectiles. Hunting and hide-working activities documented at the Malý Faraon rock shelter will contribute to the final interpretation of the site and its role in Mesolithic subsistence strategies.