Deep squat – Should we be afraid?

Abstract

Squats are among the basic exercises that have become an integral part of exercise programs. It is commonly used by athletes in many sports. Its potential is shown in the development of strength, power, and overall sports performance. The aim of the study was to verify inconsistent views on deep squats, technical design, and related health risks. For the review, the terms “squat, knee, biomechanics, deep, patellofemoral, back squat, performance, arthritis, health, injury, risk” were used, for searching were used databases Web of Science, PubMed, Springer, and Scopus. It turns out that the technique of performing a deep squat has its strict principles, which must be respected and which have a sig- nificant impact on the benefits and risks. From loading, the lower position represents an increase in compressive and shear forces on the patellofemoral joint. However, this is a natural state that is not risky. Health hazards cannot be based on analytical-mathematical models, which are insufficient in this aspect. Extreme long-term exposure carries the risk of permanent consequences in the form of osteoarthritis. For prevention or recovery, it is possible to use effective aids like sleeves, kinesio taping, bandages or “knee savers”.