Navigating through toxicological data: review of toxicological databases and sources in the interdisciplinary context including-chemicals, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and forensics

Abstract

Toxicology, an interdisciplinary and critical field in environmental and public health safety, is based heavily on the comprehensive analysis and application of toxicological data. This review addresses the use and visibility of toxicological databases that are instrumental in the assessment of chemical risks and the information of regulatory decisions. Despite the critical nature of these databases, there is a notable gap in their effective use within the regulatory and scientific communities. Our systematic overview of existing toxicological databases highlights the significant resources available, including databases that consolidate vast amounts of chemical hazard, exposure, and risk assessment data. We categorise these databases based on their functionalities, discuss the challenges associated with their use, and propose solutions to enhance their accessibility and integration across different platforms. This review not only underscores the importance of these databases in shaping informed regulatory policies, but also sheds light on the need for improved standardisation and technological enhancements to maximise their potential. The findings aim to foster a deeper understanding among toxicologists, regulators, and policymakers, ultimately contributing to stronger and more effective public health protections.